Gas Giants vs Ice Giants: Jupiter and Saturn vs Uranus and Neptune

Jupiter and Saturn are gas giants composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, similar to the Sun composition. They may have rocky cores 10-20 times Earth mass, surrounded by metallic hydrogen (under extreme pressure) and then molecular hydrogen. Uranus and Neptune are ice giants with more water, ammonia, and methane ices.

They are denser than gas giants despite being smaller. Their blue colors come from methane absorbing red light. Both types have ring systems and numerous moons, but the gas giants are significantly larger and more massive..